Surgery Risks

On this page:
Common Risks
Prevention Strategies
References

Common Risks

All surgeries carry risks, and understanding these risks is crucial for making informed decisions. Below are some of the common risks associated with gynaecological surgeries.

Bleeding

Bleeding can occur during surgery or post-operatively. In severe cases, it may require a blood transfusion.

Bleeding can happen during or after surgery. While most cases are controlled, severe bleeding might need a blood transfusion or additional surgery. Your surgeon takes steps to minimise this risk, but it’s important to know the warning signs of excessive bleeding, such as dizziness or weakness.

Infection

Infection can develop at the incision site or in internal organs.

Infections are usually treatable with antibiotics but can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Common symptoms include fever, redness at the incision site, and unusual pain. Preventative measures include sterile surgical techniques and antibiotics during and after surgery.

Damage to Surrounding Organs

Possible injury to the bladder, bowel, or ureters during surgery.

Occasionally, surrounding organs such as the bladder, bowel, or ureters can be accidentally injured. If this occurs, additional surgery might be required for repairs. Careful surgical planning and technique help reduce this risk.

Anaesthesia Complications

Includes allergic reactions or respiratory issues.

Anaesthesia is generally safe, but complications can include allergic reactions, respiratory issues, or even rare events like heart attack or stroke. A thorough pre-operative assessment helps reduce these risks.

Blood Clots

Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) or Pulmonary Embolism (PE).

Blood clots can form during long surgeries or post-operatively, leading to serious conditions such as DVT or PE. To prevent this, early mobilisation after surgery and blood thinners may be used when necessary.

Hormonal Imbalances

If ovaries are removed or affected, leading to menopausal symptoms.

Removal of ovaries can lead to hormonal imbalances, causing symptoms of menopause such as hot flushes, mood swings, and bone density loss. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often recommended to help manage these symptoms.

Adhesions

Scar tissue formation that can lead to pain or future complications.

Adhesions, or scar tissue, can develop internally after surgery, leading to complications like chronic pain or bowel obstruction. Minimally invasive surgical techniques can reduce the risk of adhesions.

Incision Site Issues

Poor wound healing or hernias at the incision site.

Sometimes the incision site may heal poorly or develop hernias, especially after abdominal surgeries. Following your post-op care instructions and avoiding strenuous activities can help prevent these issues.

Urinary or Bowel Changes

Temporary or long-term changes in function.

Some patients may experience urinary or bowel changes post-surgery, either temporarily or long-term. These changes can often be managed with lifestyle adjustments or medication, and usually improve over time.

Emotional and Psychological Effects

Potential for depression or anxiety related to surgery.

Gynaecological surgery can have emotional effects, including anxiety, depression, or changes in body image. It’s important to seek support from your healthcare provider, counsellors, or support groups to manage these feelings.

Sexual Function Changes

Possible changes in sensation or libido post-surgery.

Some women experience changes in sexual sensation or libido after surgery. Open communication with your partner and seeking advice from your healthcare provider can help address these concerns.

Chronic Pain

Pain that persists beyond the normal recovery period.

In some cases, pain may persist long after the expected recovery period. Chronic pain can be managed with medications, physical therapy, or other treatments as recommended by your doctor.

Prevention Strategies

The likelihood of these risks varies depending on the type of surgery, the surgical technique used, your overall health, and other individual factors. Your surgical team takes numerous precautions to minimise these risks, including:

Conducting thorough pre-operative assessments.
Using sterile techniques and prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infections
Engaging in careful surgical planning and execution.
Providing close post-operative monitoring.
Encouraging early mobilisation to prevent blood clots.
Implementing comprehensive pain management strategies.

During your pre-surgical consultations, your healthcare team will discuss the specific risks relevant to your procedure and individual health profile. They will explain the preventive steps taken to mitigate these risks and guide you on how to promote a safe recovery. Following postoperative care instructions, attending follow-up appointments, and openly discussing any concerns with healthcare professionals can help manage and prevent potential complications.

References

Cleveland Clinic, Oophorectomy. [Updated 12 Sept 2022].

Webmd, Oophorectomy. [Reviewed 2 March 2023].

[Updated: 9 Sept 2024]